Publications

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 60002
  • Publication
    Aptamers for Infectious Disease Diagnosis
    (IntechOpen, 2019-06-22) Banerjee, Soma ; Nilsen-Hamilton, Marit ; Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology
    Aptamers are in vitro-selected, nucleic acids with unique abilities to bind strongly and specifically to their selective targets (ligands) based on their three-dimensional structures. Target binding is generally associated with a change in aptamer structure, which provides a means of linking many output signals to the binding event. Being synthetic, aptamers are less expensive compared to antibodies. Aptamers are also more easily modified chemically or their sequence changed to optimize properties such target specificity, storability and stability. In this chapter we will discuss the potential benefits of applying aptamers to diagnostics with a focus on infectious disease and the unique challenges posed by aptamers for their successful incorporation into reliable aptasensors.
  • Publication
    Avoiding momentum crashes using stochastic mean-CvaR optimization with time-varying risk aversion
    (Taylor and Francis Online, 2023-07-26) Guo, Xiaoshi ; Ryan, Sarah ; Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
    In occasions called momentum crashes, the usually effective cross-sectional momentum strategy for financial asset allocation produces drastically negative returns. We develop a stochastic mean-risk optimization model featuring CVaR to control the risk, dynamically adjusted CVaR tail probability and objective function weight, and return scenarios generated by hybrid moment-matching. In a 95-year backtest, portfolios rebalanced by our method provide higher returns and lower risk than those rebalanced by a cross-sectional momentum heuristic, while avoiding momentum crashes.
  • Publication
    The minimum aptamer publication standards (MAPS guidelines) for de novo aptamer selection
    (Library Publishing Media, 2022-05-24) McKeague, Maureen ; Calzada, Victoria ; Cerchia, Laura ; DeRosa, Maria ; Heemstra, Jennifer M. ; Janjic, Nebojsa ; Johnson, Philip E. ; Kraus, Leon ; Limson, Janice ; Mayer, Günter ; Nilsen-Hamilton, Marit ; Porciani, David ; Sharma, Tarun Kumar ; Suess, Beatrix ; Tanner, Julian A. ; Shigdar, Sarah ; Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology ; Ames National Laboratory
    Aptamers were first described in 1990 and since then many aptamers have been reported in the literature for numerous applications in both diagnostics and therapeutics. However, as with most fields, missing or unclear information presented in the publication makes it difficult to replicate some of the work described in the literature. To increase the reproducibility of the data and facilitate academic laboratories and industrial companies to develop reliable aptamer work, essential guidelines should be proposed and followed in any aptamer publication, especially in those that highlight de novo aptamer sequences. Here, we provide suggestions for authors, reviewers, and editors to follow when performing and reporting their aptamer work to ensure that we meet the minimum standards for publication of future aptamer sequences.
  • Publication
    Label free thrombin detection in presence of high concentration of albumin using an aptamer-functionalized nanoporous membrane
    (Elsevier B.V., 2019-02-01) Gosai, Agnivo ; Yeah, Brendan Shin Hau ; Nilsen-Hamilton, Marit ; Shrotriya, Pranav ; Mechanical Engineering ; Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology
    Nanoporous alumina membranes have become a ubiquitous biosensing platform for a variety of applications and aptamers are being increasingly utilized as recognition elements in protein sensing devices. Combining the advantages of the two, we report label-free sensitive detection of human α-thrombin by an aptamer-functionalized nanoporous alumina membrane using a four- electrode electrochemical cell. The sensor response to α-thrombin was determined in the presence of a high concentration (500 μM) of human serum albumin (HSA) as an interfering protein in the background. The sensor sensitivity was also characterized against γ-thrombin, which is a modified α-thrombin lacking the aptamer binding epitope. The detection limit, within an appreciable signal/noise ratio, was 10 pM of α-thrombin in presence of 500 μM HSA. The proposed scheme involves the use of minimum reagents/sample preparation steps, has appreciable response in presence of high concentrations of interfering molecules and is readily amenable to miniaturization by association with existing-chip based electrical systems for application in point-of-care diagnostic devices.
  • Publication
    Aptamer Applications in Neuroscience
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2021-12-03) Ozturk, Meric ; Nilsen-Hamilton, Marit ; Ilgu, Muslum ; Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology ; Ames National Laboratory
    Being the predominant cause of disability, neurological diseases have received much attention from the global health community. Over a billion people suffer from one of the following neurological disorders: dementia, epilepsy, stroke, migraine, meningitis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, prion disease, or brain tumors. The diagnosis and treatment options are limited for many of these diseases. Aptamers, being small and non-immunogenic nucleic acid molecules that are easy to chemically modify, offer potential diagnostic and theragnostic applications to meet these needs. This review covers pioneering studies in applying aptamers, which shows promise for future diagnostics and treatments of neurological disorders that pose increasingly dire worldwide health challenges.