Much remains unknown as to the complete etiology of urinary calculi. Calculi are not a disease but a symptom. Sound therapeutics must be based upon an accurate diagnosis of the etiological agent.

From the heart of the Cornbelt comes the appearance of an improving horse industry. At one time considered the most important property owned by man, the horse has gone through a stage of decreased popularity and is once again making a bid for proper recognition. According to the 1944 census, Iowa has the greatest number of horses of anyone state, that is, 612,000 head. Texas follows up closely in second place with 588,000. Minnesota, third with 539,000; Missouri, fourth with 519,000, and Wisconsin with 451,000 horses stands fifth in rank.

On December 14, 1944, an 8-month-old Hereford steer was presented at the Stange Memorial Clinic with the following history. The steer had been noticed about five or six days previously showing difficulty in urination. The patient could urinate some but only slightly. There was no blood noticed in the urine and there was considerable straining during micturation. Rumination had stopped two days before he was brought to the clinic. The owner of this calf has had several cases similar to this in this feeder calves every year.

Frequent observation of severe cases of meningitis and encephalitis in small animals has presented a serious and challenging problem at the Yarborough Animal Clinic in Miami, Florida. We have been forced to recommend euthanasia too many times due to unsuccessful therapy. From a practical viewpoint, this is the best recommended course because of the extremely high mortality rate in spite of all efforts. However, from a scientific, medical, professional, and psychological viewpoint, it is very unsatisfactory.