Center for Agricultural and Rural Development

Center for Agricultural and Rural Development

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https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/handle/20.500.12876/98953

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Now showing 1 - 2 of 2

Publication

Hog Price and Volume Comparisons across Alternative Sale Types, Emphasis on COVID-19 Disruptions

2021-09 , Butcher, Ezra , Schulz, Lee , Schulz, Lee , Center for Agricultural and Rural Development , Economics

In 2020, due to COVID-19, swine and pork markets in the United States experienced the worst disruption since 1998. We seek to inform discussions about marketing outcomes and possible structural changes by establishing performance baselines and providing definitions and descriptions for transactions between producers and packers. From 2010–2020, prices were highest in 2014 and lowest in 2020. We estimate simple models to see how changes in pork packing plant capacity utilization impact market hog prices by sale type. Results indicate that negotiated prices are the most sensitive to increases in utilization, decreasing 2.34% for every 1% increase in utilization. Negotiated sales volume has become incredibly thin, comprising only 1.52% of all hogs reported in 2020, compared with 14.65% back in 2002. There is a need, on occasion, to modify how data is published which directly contributes to the effectiveness of Livestock Mandatory Reporting (LMR). For example, other purchase arrangement sales increased in volume in 2016 as hogs raised without ractopamine or antibiotics were reclassified from swine or pork market formula sales. Sales based on the CME Lean Hog Index or Pork Cutout Index have been reclassified as swine or pork market formula sales. The correlation of pork carcass cutout values and negotiated hog prices has deteriorated from 0.919 in 2013 to 0.255 in 2020. Separating swine or pork market formula sales into swine formula sales and pork formula sales could improve price correlations. Summaries of price distributions provide a snapshot of marketing outcomes and aid in bringing further transparency to the marketplace.

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Publication

How Would a Trade Deal on Sugar Affect Exporting and Importing Countries?

2009-09 , Elobeid, Amani , Center for Agricultural and Rural Development

In December 2008, the former chairperson of the agriculture negotiations of the World Trade Organization (WTO), Ambassador Crawford Falconer, presented the latest version of the draft modalities. The aim is to increase market access, reduce domestic support and eliminate export subsidies in agriculture. There is interest on the implications of the proposed modalities on agricultural trade in general and on specific product markets such as sugar in particular. This paper explores the implications on sugar markets in terms of the reductions in tariffs, domestic support and export subsidies as well as the treatment of sugar as a sensitive, preference erosion and tropical product. The preference erosion resulting from the EU sugar reforms is also examined. An international sugar model is used to run two scenarios analysing first the impact of the cuts in bound tariffs on major sugar exporting and importing WTO Member countries and then the impact of treating sugar as a tropical product. The results are compared to a baseline scenario.

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