Introductory students in the discipline of interior design frequently experience challenges in understanding and implementing the creative process during the design ideation phase. As a result, this thesis asks, how distorted photography could be used by entry-level interior design students to produce inspirational images that help develop creativity in interior design ideation in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional forms. The purpose of the thesis is to develop a specific tool and process to guide students' developmental creative processes during ideation. The research tested a potential creative tool using photographic distortion techniques through an activity conducted in a sophomore-level interior design studio. The activity was divided into two parts: 1) workshop and 2) online survey. The workshop comprised three phases. Phase 1 encompassed photographic distortion of inspirational images using four distortion techniques. Phase 2 utilized distorted photographic images and elements and principles of design to inspire sketched concepts, which were organized into a creative matrix. Phase 3 applied concepts from the creative matrix to develop conceptual design proposals and to build three-dimensional study models. Faculty members from the Departments of Interior Design and Art and Visual Culture assessed and evaluated outcomes. Results show that the majority of students and evaluators agreed that the research activity is a helpful tool for facilitating creativity in entry-level interior design students during the ideation process.

Art may play a significant role in boutique hotel design projects. The goal of this thesis is to analyze the role and effects that art could have in boutique hotel design process. This paper also explores several published articles that relate to this topic. According to these articles, the artistic features used as decorative elements in boutique hotels may affect customers’ behavior and psychology especially for some hotels with specific themes.

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) education covers diverse human-oriented design approaches, which are Human Factors (HF), Human-Centered Design (HCD), User-Centered Design (UCD), and User Experiences (UX) [5]. However, the relationships among those approaches are unclear. To better understand and develop HCI pedagogy, understanding which approach is more involved than another and how it is associated with each other within HCI is significant. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the relationship to the four human-oriented design approaches using the keyword network analysis method to answer the following questions: 1) What descriptors, author-chosen subject headings, related to HCI, HF, HCD, UCD, and UX have been studied in the Education field? 2) How does HCI connect to human-related design approaches? and 3) What discipline in higher education has been studying more about HCI? To find the answers, this research analyzed a total of 684 peer-reviewed journal articles’ abstracts published between 2001 and 2020 from the Educational Resource Information Center (ERIC) database. Gephi 0.9.2 was utilized to visualize frequencies and relationships of the keywords. The findings presented that the top five most frequently mentioned descriptors in HCI were “Man Machine Systems,” “Educational Technology,” “Foreign Countries,” “Interaction,” and “Teaching Methods.” The number of articles with the four human-oriented design approaches have increased over the last 20 years. The top five most identified disciplines in the HCI-related articles were “Educational Technology,” “HCI,” “Information Science,” “Computer and Society,” and “Information Systems.” The findings of this research would be valuable resources in understanding the current research trend of HCI education, and the relationship among the four human-related design approaches and developing curricula for HCI related subjects.

This case study explores the advantages of the implementation of the project management application of Theory of Constraints (TOC) on the project development of commercial rollout units and thus generalizes the advantages of this implementation to other interior design projects. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the Goldratt Institute's Theory of Constraints (TOC) project management application for an interior design development project using a qualitative research design comparing a case study to TOC. As per the qualitative research design a theory base was created based on research questions. After choosing project development schedule of two commercial rollout units as the "case", the study completed a pilot case study, data collection, recording and data evaluation. In addition, at the stage of data collection and evaluation two research propositions were created based on the general research question, which facilitated the technique of pattern matching in the data analysis step. The results of the pattern matching were then compared to a CPM schedule in the verification step of the study. Clearly the findings after the data analysis and verification steps indicated that by applying TOC scheduling methods, the interior design project development team could reduce the overall lead time of the project development. Specifically, it also showed that TOC scheduling manages time considerably better than normal bar chart or a CPM schedule. The emerging conclusion is that there is a need to reassess the assumption underlying the present day scheduling techniques. The calculation of lead time using the TOC scheduling technique is efficient. The findings also represented the dynamic impact TOC can have on scheduling day-to-day activities of a design project team. TOC also has a better solution to time management. The approach outlined in this study could be replicated by other design project management teams as well as occupational areas in light, medium, and heavy design projects in order to create a new paradigm shift.

Charles Mackintosh designed among the most successful tea-rooms of the early twentieth century, in particular, the Willow Tea-Rooms in Glasgow, Scotland. Because of their ground-breaking modern forms and ornament, Mackintosh's designs for this building are still considered to be among the most important of the period. Unfortunately, Glasgow is failing its famed architect. This paper argues that three twentieth century interventions caused significant damage to Mackintosh's design, some of which are irreversible. They include, 1) transforming the Room de Luxe into a bridal shop for Daly's Department Store, 2) restoring the Room de Luxe as a tea room, using inaccurate reproductions of Mackintosh's furniture, and 3) inappropriately modifying the ground floor and exterior façade for Henderson's Jewelry Store.

Methodology encompasses literary analysis of scholarly journal articles, magazine articles, and books. Organizations consulted include: Architectural Association School of Architecture, Glasgow Tourism Department, and the Mitchell Reference Library. Publications include Society of Architectural Historian's journal, Burlington magazine and Tea Time Magazine, Charles Mackintosh by Kaplan, Taking Tea with Mackintosh by Kinchin, and Charles Mackintosh by Crawford.

Findings indicate that Mackintosh's comprehensive design concept for the Willow Tea-Rooms has been altered due to repeated inaccurate renovations. Viewers now have a diminished ability to comprehend the original aesthetics and meaning. Without proper restoration, Mackintosh's vision for the historical Willow Tea-Rooms will continue to be misinterpreted by viewers and historians will not understand the full significance of the architect's work.

ISSUE & PURPOSE OF RESEARCH Recent studies have addressed that design elements can enhance users’ health and well-being in their workplaces. In creating a mindful workplace, designers commonly refer to evidence-based guidelines, evaluation tools, and rating systems to supports each user’s physical, emotional, and social wellness. Although many rating systems are useful to experts, the systems are challenging to laypersons to use because of text-based content with jargon and complexity. Moreover, many such systems don’t tend to support non-expert users’ awareness of designing a workplace because all design elements are equally weighted even though some design elements are more essential than others. For this limitation, we focus on a design rating system for workplaces. This study is designed with three parts: The purpose of the first study is to develop inclusive wellness design criteria for office environments; the second study is to understand current office user’s perception of wellness regarding design features; the third study is to build a new framework to create a real-time based user-friendly mobile application for evaluating office users’ wellness about design experiences. This study is the first part of a total of three parts.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of adding a non-denominational meditation space to a mortuary and burial location. First, a comprehensive review of literature regarding meditation, meditation benefits, emotions associated with grief and bereavement, and combining meditation with negative emotions were made. The research includes a brief history of meditation and the holistic benefits that correlate with meditation. It includes research on how the death of a loved one can influence the brain. The research also includes how grief and overwhelming emotions affect the brain. An analysis of combining meditation and bereavement concludes the review of the literature. Second, there is a survey questionnaire to collect data for this study. The survey collected information on how individuals feel about attending a burial location and describing their visit. The survey collected information on how individuals feel about meditation and describing their emotions associated with it. The survey collected information from individuals on their thoughts, comments, and concerns on the effects of having an indoor non-denominational meditation space at the burial location that they frequent. The survey collected information from individuals who are a member of a mortuary team to ask if their business has a non-denominational meditation space or not, and their opinions on the benefits it may provide for users and the business.

Coffee shops are one of the most visited third places. People visit coffee shops for multi-purposes, not only for drinking coffee but also for enjoying their social life and experiencing new things. As coffee brands face challenges to survive in the rapidly rising market, they have started to strength their brand identity through various design strategy such as multisensory design. The multisensory design significantly affects consumers' perception, judgment, and behavior (Krishna, 2012). Some research stated the positive effects of the multi-sensory designs: qualities of place (Lupton & Lipps, 2018) and enhanced brand interaction (Wheeler, 2018). This study investigated the influential sensory design elements on consumer behavior and emotion in the coffee shop environment. Using adopted sensory sliders, which were initially created by Malnar and Vodvarka (2004), the research evaluated the physical environment, two Starbucks and three Blue Bottle stores in Seoul, South Korea.The study included three parts: first, an integrative review of the literature revealed the sensory design elements strongly associated with human emotions and behaviors. Second, case studies in Starbucks and Blue Bottle were conducted to observe and examine the successful sensory design elements for empowering their brand experiences. Third, prototypes proposed a multisensory design for coffee shops that enhance the interaction between the brand and consumers. This research discussed the most influential sensory cues on consumer emotions and behaviors in coffee shops through the sculpting review and case studies. The study revealed the effectiveness of using multi-sensory design as brand marketing for the social environments. Further, this study’s prototypes of specific locations in coffee shops (entrance, order, display, and seating area) suggest advanced design solutions for brand experience by maximizing multisensory stimulations.

The goal of this study is to create an evidence-based evaluation tool for a healthcare facility’s main entry lobby that will improve the physical, emotional, and social experiences of users. A combination of content analysis and an online survey was used to create valid evaluation criteria for the design of a healthcare facility’s main entry lobby. Relevant theories and literature were reviewed to better understand the concept of wellness and design issues that could affect a user’s wellness within a healthcare environment. Five wellness design criteria were identified: 1. user experience, 2. positive distractions, 3. sense of control, 4. social interaction, and 5. safety and security. These criteria served as the major standards for developing the wellness design tool. The thesis used a mixed method that combined quantitative and qualitative methods of content analysis. Using the qualitative method, six existing healthcare evaluation tools and design guidelines were investigated, identifying twenty different wellness design features and their details. The quantitative method, explored how users of a healthcare facility perceived the selected wellness design features after their visit to the healthcare lobby. An online survey was administered in Iowa for 275 participants. Results of the questionnaire indicated that enhancement of safety and security was the most important consideration in designing a healthcare facility’s main entry lobby for improving users’ overall wellness experience, while providing optimal positive distractions was the most important consideration with respect to promoting users’ emotional wellness experience. Due to the limitation of study using a majority of local and domestic participants, the results did not represent the U.S population. However, the study provided a framework for creating and validating wellness design evaluation criteria as a design tool for future research.