SGLT2 Inhibitors and Type 2 Diabetes
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Date
2022-05
Authors
Vis, Dalton
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Mochel, Jonathan
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Mochel, Jonathan
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a diabetic condition that includes the increase of glucose in circulation called hyperglycemia. Glucose plays a major role in various mechanisms of the body. Long-standing hyperglycemia can lead to an assortment of complications such as cardiovascular events and neuropathy. Hyperglycemia also plays a role in insulin resistance in the body. One regulatory function of the kidney in uptake of glucose back into circulation are the sodium glucose co-transporter. In type 2 diabetes, SGLT2 expression and activity is increased. One treatment of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetic conditions is to inhibit these SGLT2 found in the proximal tubules of the kidney. Inhibiting the SGLT2 will increase glucose excretion through the urine. SGLT2 inhibitors also play a role in lowering the risk of major cardiovascular events by directly acting on the cardiomyocytes in those with T2DM.
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2022