Cluster thinning, berry thinning and Gibberellic Acid application improve fruit size and consumer preference of table grapes in Iowa
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Abstract
Specialty crop growers are interested in diversifying their operations with crops that are adapted to local growing conditions and are profitable relative to other potential crops. Size and quality of table grapes are important factors contributing to marketability of the fruit. Our objectives were to: 1) evaluate 'Reliance' (Vitis species) with treatments of cluster thinning, berry thinning, and GA3, alone and in combination, on berry growth and fruit quality, 2) evaluate 'Swenson Red' (Vitis species) with treatments of cluster thinning and berry thinning, alone and in combination, on berry growth and fruit quality, and 3) determine consumer preference of 'Reliance' through a consumer survey. Thirty-two 'Reliance' grapevines and 24 'Swenson Red' grapevines were used as experimental units in randomized complete block designs with 4 replications of 8 treatments and 4 replications of 6 treatments, respectively, in 2002 and 2003. Fifty berries from each cultivar were arbitrarily harvested for measurements of soluble solids content, pH, and titratable acidity. Ten berries were used for berry weight and diameter measurements. The treatment of cluster thinning + berry thinning + GA3 for 'Reliance' exhibited significantly greater fresh weight and diameter of berries than the control in 2003 (3.73 vs 2.75 g; 1.75 vs 1.65 cm, respectively). The treatment of cluster thinning + 50% berry thinning for 'Swenson Red' exhibited significantly greater fresh weight and diameter of berries than the control in 2002 (3.79 vs 3.26 g; 1.83 vs 1.70 cm, respectively). Treatments for berry chemistry parameters did not differ significantly for either cultivar (P>0.05), except for soluble solids content (SSC) across years for 'Swenson Red' (P=0.0441). Cluster thinning + 33% berry thinning exhibited the greatest SSC (20.44%). Consumers preferred typically shaped clusters and larger berries from vines receiving cluster thinning.