The use of immunotherapy in kidney cancer management
Date
2022-12
Authors
Bessard, Rangie
Major Professor
Greenlee, Heather
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Abstract
In the years of cancer treatment research, immunotherapies have been used in many cancer treatments such as kidney, lung, bladder, melanoma, etc. Immunotherapies tend to show more effective clinical responses to cancers with a high mutation burden, making tumor-mutated antigens (neo-antigens) targets of tumor immunity and cancer immunotherapy. These neo-antigens can be sorted out very quickly which supports the mechanical approach of the immunotherapies by making the tumors manageable to immunotherapeutic intervention (Zhang et al.,2021).
Kidney cancer is the 8th most common cancer with an estimated 80,000 cases and 20,000 deaths yearly. 20-40% of patients that undergo nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma will develop metastases. Studies also show that there is a 93% chance of a 5-year survival rate for localized kidney cancer but the moment it becomes distant kidney cancer, it reduces its chances of survival to 12% (Padala et al., 2020). Another key fact about kidney cancer, specifically renal cell carcinoma, is that it is one of the most undetected forms of cancer and is often only detected during CT imaging of other organs near the kidney region.
This review will discuss the use of immunotherapy treatment in kidney cancer management and the mechanisms behind it. Kidney cancer has shown great resistance to chemotherapies, radiation, and even target therapies, and researchers have failed to completely understand why. The resistance to the various forms of cancer treatment has led researchers toward using immunotherapies as a promising treatment for kidney cancer.
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2022