An annotated checklist of the Gramineae of the Brazilian Shield region in eastern Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Includes keys to species, a regional synonymy, notes on habitat distribution, geographic distribution, cytology, phenology, and palatability for 276 species of tropical grasses; 6 new taxa are described: Andropogon sanlorenzanus, Eragrostis chiquitaniensis, Eriochrysis xconcepcionensis, Paspalum kempffii, Scizachyrium beckii, and Thrasya crucensis.