Selective Ammonolysis of Bioderived Esters for Biobased Amide Synthesis
Date
2021-11-09
Authors
Lin, Hsi-Hsin
Cheng, Yan
Huo, Jiajie
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American Chemical Society
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Chemical and Biological EngineeringNSF Engineering Research Center for Biorenewable Chemicals
Abstract
Amidation is an important reaction for bioderived platform molecules, which can be upgraded for use in applications such as polymers. However, fundamental understanding of the reaction especially in the presence of multiple groups is still lacking. In this study, the amidation of dimethyl fumarate, maleate, and succinate through ester ammonolysis was examined. The reaction networks and significant side reactions, such as conjugate addition and ring closing, were determined. A preliminary kinetic comparison among additional C4 and C6 esters showed a significant correlation between molecular structure and ammonolysis reactivity. Esters with a C═C double bond in the molecule backbone were found to have higher ammonolysis reactivity. To improve the selectivity to unsaturated amides rather than byproducts, the effects of thermal conditions and additives in dimethyl fumarate ammonolysis were examined. Lower temperature and decreasing methoxide ion concentration in the solution relative to the base case conditions increased the fumaramide selectivity from 67.1 to 90.6%.
Comments
This article is published as Lin, Hsi-Hsin, Yan Cheng, Jiajie Huo, and Brent H. Shanks. "Selective Ammonolysis of Bioderived Esters for Biobased Amide Synthesis." ACS Omega 6, no. 44 (2021): 30040–30049. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04750. Copyright 2021 The Authors. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Posted with permission.
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Keywords
Hydrocarbons,
Organic compounds,
Selectivity,
Molecules,
Conjugate acid-base pairs