A Brief History of Vaccinology and the Path Ahead: Driven by mRNA Technology
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Date
2023-12
Authors
Diehl, Seth
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Cho, Michael
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Abstract
In this literature review, the evolution and mechanisms of vaccine technologies are elucidated, with a particular focus on the novel messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. The inception of mRNA vaccines in the early 1990s marked the commencement of a transformative era in immunology, culminating in their pivotal role during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a mechanistic lens, we dissect the modus operandi of mRNA vaccines, detailing how they utilize cellular machinery to synthesize viral proteins, thereby priming the immune system to recognize and combat pathogens. Highlighting their rapid development, scalability, and adaptability. Drawing from extensive clinical trial data, such as the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Phase III trials, and real-world studies from the CDC's Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), an overview is provided of the mRNA vaccines' safety profiles. While the majority of vaccinated individuals experienced mild side effects, there were rare instances of more severe reactions, like myocarditis, particularly among younger males. We delve into these adverse events, offering rationale for their occurrence and the measures taken to address them. mRNA's versatility is showcased through its potential applications in countering diverse infectious agents, cancer therapeutics, and individualized medicine approaches. By providing a nuanced overview, this literature review aims to enrich the understanding of vaccine technologies, spotlight the transformative impact of mRNA vaccines, and ignite informed discussions about their future implications in medicine and public health.
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creative component
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Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States
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2023