Research results contained in the ISU Weed Science Research Results report are generated by FieldPro Biodata Management software and uses various codes for treatment and application timing information. Weed and crop species are designated with the 5-letter Bayer codes. Visual estimates of crop phytotoxicity and weed control are compared to an untreated check and made on a 0 to 100 rating scale (0 percent = no crop phytotoxicity or weed control; 100 percent = complete crop death or weed control).