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ArticleStrategic Collaboration with the National Park Service Advances Native Sovereignty(Parks Stewardship Forum, 2025-05-15)On December 16, 2021, US Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland shook hands with the newly sworn-in director of the National Park Service (NPS) Charles “Chuck” Sams III. At first glance, the promotional photo of Haaland and Sams on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial appears to be a swearing in like any other.1 Of course, as many commentators emphasized at the time, this ceremony also marked a notable historical moment—when the first Native person to head the Department of the Interior officially welcomed the first Native person to head the NPS. Early in her tenure as interior secretary, Haaland had already made significant steps—advocating for tribal land protections, boarding school investigations, and renaming derogatory place names. 2 Many have wondered what precedent the appointment of Haaland and Sams may set for how the federal government engages with Native peoples and tribal nations across the United States, and how their leadership could establish new cultural norms for recognizing Native sovereignty more broadly.
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ArticleInterpolated Retrieval of Relevant Material, Not Irrelevant Material, Enhances New Learning of a Video Lecture In-Person and Online(MDPI, 2025-05-14)Interpolated retrieval enhances the learning of new information—a finding known as the forward testing effect. The context change account suggests that learning benefits are due to a shift in internal context, which can be triggered through the retrieval of either content-relevant or content-irrelevant information. In two experiments, we examined whether interpolated episodic, autobiographical, and semantic retrieval would enhance new learning of a video lecture, compared to interpolated review. Participants watched a STEM topic lecture divided into three ~5 min segments and completed their assigned interpolated activity after the first two segments. Across both a laboratory (Experiment 1, N = 249) and online setting (Experiment 2, N = 246), only episodic retrieval enhanced the learning of new material; autobiographical and semantic retrieval (content-irrelevant) did not improve new learning. Critically, we introduced a measure of context change to determine whether the level of engagement in these interpolated activities predicted recall. Engagement correlated with criterial test performance when controlling for effort (seriousness). Our results support a multi-factor explanation for the forward testing effect, providing evidence for both the context change and strategy change accounts, although we emphasize that support for context change should be interpreted with caution.
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ArticleSampling size methodologies used in pig welfare audits underestimate animal-based measures: a preliminary exploration(American Veterinary Medical Association, 2025-05-14)Objective
The objective of this observational study was to compare and contrast the occurrences of animal-based measures evaluated in the Common Swine Industry Audit (CSIA) with the use of 2 sampling methods (total farm inventory [TOTAL] vs the CSIA sampling method).
Methods
Approximately 240,000 pigs were evaluated across 60 farms between October 2022 and July 2023. A map was created for each farm to identify individual pig location by pen/stall, room, and barn. Ten animal-based measures were assessed per pig, and the total occurrence of each measure was calculated (TOTAL). Utilizing farm maps and the same dataset, the CSIA sampling method was calculated to randomly assess a previously designated sample number of pigs per farm by location. The CSIA occurrences were then compared to TOTAL occurrences.
Results
Sow: occurrences of a body condition score of 1, severe lameness (non–weight-bearing), abscesses, open wounds, severe scratches (> 25% of the body), prolapses, vulva lesions, and shoulder sores were less for the CSIA method compared to TOTAL. Nursery: occurrences of severe lameness, abscesses, open wounds, and hernias were less for the CSIA method compared to TOTAL. Finishers: occurrences of severe lameness, abscesses, open wounds, tail bites, prolapses, and vulva lesions were less for the CSIA method compared to TOTAL.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that the sampling method currently used in the CSIA tool does not necessarily accurately estimate the occurrence of animal-based measures at the farm level.
Clinical Relevance
Future work on swine farms should explore alternative sampling methods that more closely represent welfare conditions to that of the total farm inventory. -
ArticleCourting the Sharks: The Influence of CEO Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry on New Venture Funding(INFORMS, 2025-05-12)We draw from the social psychology literature to introduce an alternative conceptualization of executive narcissism—narcissistic admiration and rivalry. In the context of chief executive officers (CEOs) pitching to investors, we theorize how narcissistic CEOs may use distinct behavioral strategies to pursue status, thereby shaping investor sentiment and ultimately affecting investors’ funding decisions. Using Shark Tank data, we find evidence that narcissistic admiration and rivalry are associated with opposing patterns in new venture funding, as shaped by investor sentiment. Specifically, CEO narcissistic admiration is positively associated with new venture funding by increasing investor sentiment, whereas CEO narcissistic rivalry is negatively associated with new venture funding by decreasing investor sentiment. These results highlight the need to separate narcissistic admiration and rivalry in executive narcissism research and illustrate the underlying mechanisms through which executive narcissism shapes organizational outcomes. Overall, this study provides new insights into two pathways of executive narcissism and offers evidence consistent with the idea that executive narcissism matters in entrepreneurial contexts.
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ArticleTurning Enzyme Models into Model Enzymes in a Substrate-Tailored, Desolvated Active Site(American Chemical Society, 2025-05-12)Once taken out of the active sites, the same functional groups used by enzymes for catalysis tend to lose their “magical” catalytic power in small-molecule enzyme models. We report a small-molecule enzyme model that activates a benzylic alcohol by a nearby amine for the nucleophilic attack of an activated ester. Only when the two groups are placed inside a substrate-tailored hydrophobic pocket can they display catalytic turnovers and even become reactive enough to hydrolyze amides catalytically near physiological conditions, a long-standing goal for synthetic protease mimics. These results suggest that the large gap between the innumerable catalytically incompetent small-molecule enzyme models made by chemists and true enzyme-like catalysts could be bridged by environmental engineering, which in this work enables a simple combination of a tertiary amine and an alcohol to replicate the catalytic properties of serine protease in hydrolyzing aryl amides with substrate specificity.