Elevated CO₂ alters soybean physiology and defense responses, and has disparate effects on susceptibility to diverse microbial pathogens
Date
2025-01-09
Authors
Bredow, Melissa
Khwanbua, Ekkachai
Sartor Chicowski, Aline
Qi, Yunhui
Breitzman, Matthew W.
Holan, Katerina L.
Liu, Peng
Graham, Michelle A.
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Wiley
Abstract
●Increasing atmospheric CO₂ levels have a variety of effects that can influence plant responses to microbial pathogens. However, these responses are varied, and it is challenging to predict how elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) will affect a particular plant–pathogen interaction. We investigated how eCO₂ may influence disease development and responses to diverse patho- gens in the major oilseed crop, soybean.
● Soybean plants grown in ambient CO₂ (aCO₂, 419 parts per million (ppm)) or in eCO₂ (550 ppm) were challenged with bacterial, viral, fungal, and oomycete pathogens. Disease severity, pathogen growth, gene expression, and molecular plant defense responses were quantified.
● In eCO₂, plants were less susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (Psg) but more susceptible to bean pod mottle virus, soybean mosaic virus, and Fusarium virguliforme. Susceptibility to Pythium sylvaticum was unchanged, although a greater loss in biomass occurred in eCO₂. Reduced susceptibility to Psg was associated with enhanced defense responses. Increased susceptibility to the viruses was associated with reduced expression of antiviral defenses.
● This work provides a foundation for understanding how future eCO₂ levels may impact molecular responses to pathogen challenges in soybean and demonstrates that microbes infecting both shoots and roots are of potential concern in future climatic conditions.
● Soybean plants grown in ambient CO₂ (aCO₂, 419 parts per million (ppm)) or in eCO₂ (550 ppm) were challenged with bacterial, viral, fungal, and oomycete pathogens. Disease severity, pathogen growth, gene expression, and molecular plant defense responses were quantified.
● In eCO₂, plants were less susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (Psg) but more susceptible to bean pod mottle virus, soybean mosaic virus, and Fusarium virguliforme. Susceptibility to Pythium sylvaticum was unchanged, although a greater loss in biomass occurred in eCO₂. Reduced susceptibility to Psg was associated with enhanced defense responses. Increased susceptibility to the viruses was associated with reduced expression of antiviral defenses.
● This work provides a foundation for understanding how future eCO₂ levels may impact molecular responses to pathogen challenges in soybean and demonstrates that microbes infecting both shoots and roots are of potential concern in future climatic conditions.
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Comments
This article is published as Bredow, Melissa, Ekkachai Khwanbua, Aline Sartor Chicowski, Yunhui Qi, Matthew W. Breitzman, Katerina L. Holan, Peng Liu, Michelle A. Graham, and Steven A. Whitham. "Elevated CO2 alters soybean physiology and defense responses, and has disparate effects on susceptibility to diverse microbial pathogens." New Phytologist (2024). doi:10.1111/nph.20364.
A dataset associated with this study is available at https://doi.org/10.25380/iastate.27287847.v1
Rights Statement
Works produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted.
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Funding
This work was supported in part by the Iowa Soybean Research Center, the ISU Plant Sciences Institute, USDA NIFA Hatch Project 4308, the ISU College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and by USDA-ARS projects 5030-21220-007-000D (Leveraging Crop Genetic Diversity and Genomics to Improve Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Soybean) and 0500-00093-001-00-D (SCINet). Ekkachai Khwanbua is supported by an Anandamahidol fellowship from the government of Thailand.