Up to a few years ago, all the information one needed for a full understanding of rabies as a disease seemed to be readily available in most text-books. The rapidity with which changes in our concepts of this disease are now taking place, and the multiplicity of publications dealing with this disease both make frequent reviews desirable. Actually, bat-transmitted rabies created problems long before it was even recognized. A paralytic disease of epizoonotic proportions in horses, mules, and cattle in Brazil in 1908 was not even identified as rabies until three years after the outbreak started.