Not long since, the prevailing system of raising calves in Iowa and other agricultural states of similar conditions consisted in allowing the calf to follow the dam and take all of the milk. With the advent of the creamery and the separator came new methods. Now the former system is the exception on a majority of farms even where beef production is a prime object. Whole milk is too expensive for calf feeding and the better utilization of butter fat for dairy purposes necessitates the use of separator or skim milk for feeding. This necessity has appeared to be a serious obstacle, and calf raising in many sections devoted to dairying has been largely abandoned until the recent advance in prices of young stock set in.