In the summer of 1939 a herd of dairy cattle. consisting of 6 of the most common breeds, came under the supervision of the ambulatory clinic of the Veterinary Division of Iowa State College. The most outstanding thing noticed was the high death rate among the calves produced there, which ran over 40 per cent. Investigation revealed that there were a number of causes of calf mortality and the chief single cause was a common disease of calves variously known as White Scours or Calf Scours. This disease often manifested itself in the form of an acute febrile condition accompanied by extreme depression, much as described by Hutyra and Marek under the name of Septicemia of the New Born.