Review: Transport Losses in Market Weight Pigs: I. A Review of Definitions, Incidence, and Economic Impact

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dc.contributor.author Ritter, M. J.
dc.contributor.author Ellis, M.
dc.contributor.author Johnson, Anna
dc.contributor.author Berry, N. L.
dc.contributor.author Curtis, S E.
dc.contributor.author Anil, L.
dc.contributor.author Berg, E.
dc.contributor.author Benjamin, M.
dc.contributor.author Butler, D.
dc.contributor.author Dewey, C.
dc.contributor.author Driessen, B
dc.contributor.author DuBois, Paul
dc.contributor.author Hill, J. D.
dc.contributor.author Marchant-Forde, J. N.
dc.contributor.author Matzat, P.
dc.contributor.author McGlone, John
dc.contributor.author Mormede, P.
dc.contributor.author Moyer, T.
dc.contributor.author Pfalzgraf, K.
dc.contributor.author Salak-Johnson, J.
dc.contributor.author Siemens, M.
dc.contributor.author Sterle, J.
dc.contributor.author Stull, C.
dc.contributor.author Whiting, T.
dc.contributor.author Wolter, B.
dc.contributor.author Niekamp, S. R.
dc.contributor.author Johnson, Anna
dc.contributor.department Animal Science
dc.date 2018-02-16T10:33:30.000
dc.date.accessioned 2020-06-29T23:41:55Z
dc.date.available 2020-06-29T23:41:55Z
dc.date.issued 2009-08-01
dc.description.abstract <p><p id="x-x-p-2">Transport losses (dead and nonambulatory pigs) present animal welfare, legal, and economic challenges to the US swine industry. The objectives of this review are to explore 1) the historical perspective of transport losses; 2) the incidence and economic implications of transport losses; and 3) the symptoms and metabolic characteristics of fatigued pigs. In 1933 and 1934, the incidence of dead and nonambulatory pigs was reported to be 0.08 and 0.16%, respectively. More recently, 23 commercial field trials (n = 6,660,569 pigs) were summarized and the frequency of dead pigs, nonambulatory pigs, and total transport losses at the processing plant were 0.25, 0.44, and 0.69% respectively. In 2006, total economic losses associated with these transport losses were estimated to cost the US pork industry approximately $46 million. Furthermore, 0.37 and 0.05% of the nonambulatory pigs were classified as either fatigued (nonambulatory, noninjured) or injured, respectively, in 18 of these trials (n = 4,966,419 pigs). Fatigued pigs display signs of acute stress (open-mouth breathing, skin discoloration, muscle tremors) and are in a metabolic state of acidosis, characterized by low blood pH and high blood lactate concentrations; however, the majority of fatigued pigs will recover with rest. Transport losses are a multifactorial problem consisting of people, pig, facility design, management, transportation, processing plant, and environmental factors, and, because of these multiple factors, continued research efforts are needed to understand how each of the factors and the relationships among factors affect the well-being of the pig during the marketing process.</p>
dc.description.comments <p>This article is from <em>Professional Animal Scientist</em> 25 (2009): 404.</p>
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf
dc.identifier archive/lib.dr.iastate.edu/ans_pubs/96/
dc.identifier.articleid 1093
dc.identifier.contextkey 7155809
dc.identifier.s3bucket isulib-bepress-aws-west
dc.identifier.submissionpath ans_pubs/96
dc.identifier.uri https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/handle/20.500.12876/10020
dc.language.iso en
dc.source.bitstream archive/lib.dr.iastate.edu/ans_pubs/96/2009_Butters_TransportLosses.pdf|||Sat Jan 15 02:35:11 UTC 2022
dc.subject.disciplines Agriculture
dc.subject.disciplines Animal Sciences
dc.subject.disciplines Meat Science
dc.subject.keywords Dead
dc.subject.keywords fatigued
dc.subject.keywords nonambulatory
dc.subject.keywords pig
dc.subject.keywords transport
dc.title Review: Transport Losses in Market Weight Pigs: I. A Review of Definitions, Incidence, and Economic Impact
dc.type article
dc.type.genre article
dspace.entity.type Publication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication 9459ddeb-303d-4035-933f-925ec181c7a6
relation.isOrgUnitOfPublication 85ecce08-311a-441b-9c4d-ee2a3569506f
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