PRRSV RNA Detection and Predictive Values Between Different Sow and Neonatal Litter Sample Types
Date
2025-02-10
Authors
Li, Peng
Machado, Isadora
Petznick, Thomas
Pratt, Emily
Xiao, Jinnan
Sievers, Chris
Yeske, Paul
Jayaraman, Swami
Moraes, Daniel C. A.
Cezar, Guilherme Cezar
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Abstract
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), a major challenge for the swine industry, can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally. Common sample types, including processing fluid, serum, and family oral fluid, can neither determine whether PRRSV infection originates vertically or horizontally nor directly reflects the sow’s PRRSV status. At around 90 days post live-virus inoculation (LVI), 555 sows were sampled by Tonsil-oral-scrubbing (TOSc) 2 weeks pre-farrowing and tested for PRRSV RNA. From these, 59 PRRSV-positive sows, and 88 PRRSV-negative sows matched by parity were conveniently selected. TOSc from sows, blood swabs from live piglet, and tongue fluid (TF) plus serum from dead piglet were collected individually from all study litters within 12 h post-farrowing. The pre-farrowing TOSc samples had significantly higher PRRSV positivity than TF, serum and blood swab pools, while dead piglet serum had significantly lower mean Ct values than all other sample types. TOSc samples had 25% positive predictive value (PPV) for “live litter” PRRSV status while the pre-farrow and post-farrow TOSc had 87.2% and 89.0% negative predictive value (NPV), respectively. In conclusion, we characterized PRRSV RNA detection among all sub-populations within a litter with easy-to-use TOSc samples and neonatal litter samples, suggesting the occurrence of vertical transmission 90 days post-LVI in sows. TOSc samples from sows had low PPV and high NPV for their respective litter’s PRRSV status.
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This article is published as Li, Peng, Isadora Machado, Thomas Petznick, Emily Pratt, Jinnan Xiao, Chris Sievers, Paul Yeske et al. "PRRSV RNA Detection and Predictive Values Between Different Sow and Neonatal Litter Sample Types." Veterinary Sciences 12, no. 2 (2025): 150. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020150.
Rights Statement
© 2025 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).