Laser-induced graphene with nickel oxide nanoparticles electrochemical immunosensor for rapid and label-free detection of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium
Date
2025-05-17
Authors
Oliveira, Daniela A.
Pola, Cicero C.
Johnson, Zachary T.
Li, Jingzhe
McLamore, Eric S.
Vanegas, Diana C.
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Springer
Abstract
Cost-effectiveness, high-throughput capability, and scalable manufacturing are key features required for the fabrication of in-field electrochemical sensors applicable to food safety analysis. In this work, a two-step method is described to create laser-induced graphene electrodes conjugated with nickel oxide nanoparticles (LIG-NiO). Fabrication of the LIG-NiO electrodes is 2 performed via direct writing under ambient conditions using polyimide sheet and nickel acetate solution as substrates, which is then converted into a label-free immunosensor for the detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by functionalizing the working surface with an anti-Salmonella antibody. The resulting electrochemical immunosensor exhibits a sensitivity of 3.93 ± 0.25 Ω (log (CFU mL-1)-1) limit of detection (LOD) of 8 ± 3 CFU mL-1 and rapid response time (17 min) with a wide Salmonella Typhimurium linear sensing range, from 101 to 106 CFU mL-1 in buffer, covering relevant levels for food safety analysis without being affected by the presence of interferent bacteria Escherichia coli spp. Additionally, this LIG-NiO-based immunosensor presented a sensitivity of 1.92 ± 0.71 Ω (log (CFU mL-1)-1) when tested in chicken broth. The immunosensor developed in this study provides a simple fabrication method followed by functionalization and rapid Salmonella Typhimurium sensing that does not require sample pretreatment such as pre-enrichment or addition of external reagents, constituting a promising new sensing platform for pathogen detection in food safety monitoring and in general to other electrochemical immunosensing applications.
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Comments
This is a manuscript of an article published as Oliveira, Daniela A., Cicero C. Pola, Zachary T. Johnson, Jingzhe Li, Emily A. Smith, Eric S. McLamore, Diana C. Vanegas, Jonathan C. Claussen, and Carmen L. Gomes. "Laser-induced graphene with nickel oxide nanoparticles electrochemical immunosensor for rapid and label-free detection of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium." Microchimica Acta 192, no. 6 (2025): 1-14.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-025-07197-8.