The role of biochar and zeolite in enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus recovery: A sustainable manure management technology
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2022-12-23
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Elsevier
Abstract
Swine manure is a potential source of plant-available ortho-phosphate (ortho-P) and ammonium (NH4+). However, transport and application issues restrict its widespread use in agriculture and cause water quality degradation. This study investigates the potential of biochar (BC) produced from corn stover (control-BC) and FeSO4 pretreated corn stover (Fe-BC) and zeolite to recover ortho-P and NH4+ from liquid swine manure. Chemisorption increased ortho-P sorption from manure onto Fe-BC (29,831 mg kg−1) relative to control-BC (19,000 mg kg−1). During Mehlich III (M−III) desorption study, manure-treated Fe-BC and control-BC released 34% and 80% of adsorbed ortho-P, respectively. Increasing the BC loading rate from 5 g/L to 25 g/L in manure significantly dropped the M−III P desorption (<10%) for the Fe-BC but not for the control-BC. Sorption of manure NH4+ on Fe-BC, control-BC, and zeolite occurred by I) specific adsorption on surfaces and within pores, II) co-adsorption of NH4+ with manure colloids, and III) precipitation as N-mineral (struvite). The NH3 volatilization and KCl desorption studies revealed that NH4+ sorption/desorption from manure to BC cannot be explained by simple ion exchange or volatilization loss. The BC-zeolite combination increased the NH4+ recovery from manure (28–38%) relative to BC’s without zeolite addition. SEM-EDS and XRD analyses revealed the association of P with both Mg and Fe and the presence of struvite (NH4MgPO4·6H2O) in batch and centrifuge studies. Our results suggest that low-cost BC and zeolite can recover ortho-P and NH4+ from liquid swine manure, which may facilitate its easy transport and widespread application in agriculture.
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This is a manuscript of the article Published as Banik, Chumki, Santanu Bakshi, Daniel S. Andersen, David A. Laird, Ryan G. Smith, and Robert C. Brown. "The role of biochar and zeolite in enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus recovery: A sustainable manure management technology." Chemical Engineering Journal 456 (2023): 141003. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.141003. © 2022 by Elsevier. This manuscript is made available under the Elsevier user license (https://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/). CC BY-NC-ND.