Relative Pose Estimation of an Uncooperative Target with Camera Marker Detection
Date
2025-05-10
Authors
Candan, Batu
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Abstract
Accurate and robust relative pose estimation is the first step in ensuring the success of an active debris removal mission. This paper introduces a novel method to detect structural markers on the European Space Agency’s Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT) for safe de-orbiting using image processing and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Advanced image preprocessing techniques, including noise addition and blurring, are employed to improve marker detection accuracy and robustness from a chaser spacecraft. Additionally, we address the challenges posed by eclipse periods, during which the satellite’s corners are not visible, preventing measurement updates in the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). To maintain estimation quality in these periods of data loss, we propose a covariance-inflating approach in which the process noise covariance matrix is adjusted, reflecting the increased uncertainty in state predictions during the eclipse. This adaptation ensures more accurate state estimation and system stability in the absence of measurements. The initial results show promising potential for autonomous removal of space debris, supporting proactive strategies for space sustainability. The effectiveness of our approach suggests that our estimation method, combined with robust noise adaptation, could significantly enhance the safety and efficiency of debris removal operations by implementing more resilient and autonomous systems in actual space missions.
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This article published is as Candan, Batu, and Simone Servadio. 2025. "Relative Pose Estimation of an Uncooperative Target with Camera Marker Detection" Aerospace 12, no. 5: 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12050425.
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© 2025 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).