Identification of phenotypic and transcriptomic signatures underpinning maize crown root systems
Date
2025-03
Authors
Callwood, Jodi B.
Cowling, Craig L.
Townsend, Ella G.
Malik, Shikha
Draves, Melissa A.
Khor, Jasper
Marshall, Jackson P.
Sweers, Heather
Walley, Justin W.
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Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Nanjing Agricultural University
Abstract
Maize is pivotal in supporting global agriculture and addressing food security challenges. Crop root systems are critical for water uptake and nutrient acquisition, which impacts yield. Quantitative trait phenotyping is essential to understand better the genetic factors underpinning maize root growth and development. Root systems are challenging to phenotype given their below-ground, soil-bound nature. In addition, manual trait annotations of root images are tedious and can lead to inaccuracies and inconsistencies between individuals, resulting in data discrepancies. In this study, we explored juvenile root phenotyping in the presence and absence of auxin treatment, a key phytohormone in root development, using manual curation and gene expression analyses. In addition, we developed an automated phenotyping pipeline for field-grown maize crown roots by leveraging open-source software. By examining a test set of 11 diverse maize genotypes for juvenile-adult root trait correlations and gene expression patterns, an inconsistent correlation was observed, underscoring the developmental plasticity prevalent during maize root morphogenesis. Transcripts involved in hormone signaling and stress responses were among differentially expressed genes in roots from 20 diverse maize genotypes, suggesting many molecular processes may underlie the observed phenotypic variance. In particular, co-expressed gene expression networks associated with module-trait relationships included 1,3-β-glucan, which plays a crucial role in cell wall dynamics. This study furthers our understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships, which is relevant for informing agricultural strategies to improve maize root physiology.
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article
Comments
This article is published as Callwood, Jodi B., Craig L. Cowling, Ella G. Townsend, Shikha Malik, Melissa A. Draves, Jasper Khor, Jackson P. Marshall, Heather Sweers, Justin W. Walley, and Dior R. Kelley. "Identification of phenotypic and transcriptomic signatures underpinning maize crown root systems." Plant Phenomics 7 (2025): 100008. doi:10.1016/j.plaphe.2025.100008.
Rights Statement
© 2025 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).