It may seem a redundant claim, but good buildings do not fail. If we strip away the cultural, social, and political roles of buildings, leaving behind only the object-ness, we would say that good buildings are made of materials joined in a thoughtful way, such that the building resists entropy (a natural and tumbling force which pulls order back down to disorder). There are, of course, other ways that buildings fail: some buildings leak, some buildings over­heat, some buildings endanger people, some provide places for people to do dangerous things, but all of these failures have two things in common: they were not designed, and they are decidedly bad things.`