Thermal fatigue leads to serious degradations of structural performance and service quality of roadways. Thermal fatigue cracks occur in moderate climates, and are the result of generated cyclic thermal strains/stresses within the restrained pavement layers. In this study, an experimental setup is developed to measure the thermal fatigue resistance of asphalt concrete specimens under constant strain amplitude loading. To simulate thermal fatigue behavior of asphalt concrete, uniaxial loading is mechanically applied to achieve constant amplitude sinusoidal strains at a frequency of 0.01Hz. The results of statistical analyses indicate the asphalt content, aggregate source and asphalt binder type have the strongest effect on the thermal fatigue resistance of asphalt concrete.