Gossypium anapoides J. M. Stewart, Craven, Brubaker & Wendel (Malvaceae), a new species ofGossypium L. endemic to the north Kimberley region of Western Australia, is described. The species is erect, with multiple, unbranched stems arising from the crown of a woody lignotuber. This trait, along with the presence of an elaiosome on each seed and the results of molecular analyses, places it with the species of Gossypium sect. Grandicalyx (Fryxell) Fryxell and makes it phylogenetically sister to the geographically disjunct species G. cunninghamii Tod. The species is named for the unique raised venation on the adaxial leaf surface that imparts the appearance of an abaxial surface.