Phosphorus Recovery from Sewage Sludge Ash Based on Cradle-to-Cradle Approach—Mini-Review

Jama-Rodzeńska, Anna; Sowiński, Józef; Białowiec, Andrzej

Phosphorus Recovery from Sewage Sludge Ash Based on Cradle-to-Cradle Approach—Mini-Review

File

2021-KozielJacek-PhosphorusRecovery.pdf (959.74 KB)

Date

2021-09-09

Authors

Jama-Rodzeńska, Anna

Sowiński, Józef

Białowiec, Andrzej

Publisher

MDPI

Organizational Units

Organizational Unit

Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering

The Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering seeks to apply knowledge of the laws, forces, and materials of nature to the construction, planning, design, and maintenance of public and private facilities. The Civil Engineering option focuses on transportation systems, bridges, roads, water systems and dams, pollution control, etc. The Construction Engineering option focuses on construction project engineering, design, management, etc.

History
The Department of Civil Engineering was founded in 1889. In 1987 it changed its name to the Department of Civil and Construction Engineering. In 2003 it changed its name to the Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering.

Dates of Existence
1889-present

Historical Names

Department of Civil Engineering (1889-1987)
Department of Civil and Construction Engineering (1987-2003)
Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (2003–present)

Related Units

College of Engineering (parent college)

Organizational Unit

Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

Since 1905, the Department of Agricultural Engineering, now the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (ABE), has been a leader in providing engineering solutions to agricultural problems in the United States and the world. The department’s original mission was to mechanize agriculture. That mission has evolved to encompass a global view of the entire food production system–the wise management of natural resources in the production, processing, storage, handling, and use of food fiber and other biological products.

History
In 1905 Agricultural Engineering was recognized as a subdivision of the Department of Agronomy, and in 1907 it was recognized as a unique department. It was renamed the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering in 1990. The department merged with the Department of Industrial Education and Technology in 2004.

Dates of Existence
1905–present

Historical Names

Department of Agricultural Engineering (1907–1990)

Related Units

College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (parent college)
College of Engineering (parent college)
Department of Industrial Education and Technology, (merged, 2004)

Organizational Unit

Food Science and Human Nutrition

The Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (FSHN) at Iowa State University is jointly administered by the Colleges of Agriculture and Life Sciences and Human Science. FSHN combines the study and practical application of food sciences and technology with human nutrition in preparation for a variety of fields including: the culinary sciences, dietetics, nutrition, food industries, and diet and exercise.

History
The department was established in 1991 through the merging of the Department of Food Sciences and Technology (of the College of Agriculture), and the Department of Food and Nutrition (of the College of Family and Consumer Sciences).

Related Units

College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (parent college)
College of Human Sciences (parent college)
Department of Human Nutrition (predecessor, 1990)
Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition (predecessor, 1990)

Department

Civil, Construction and Environmental EngineeringAgricultural and Biosystems EngineeringFood Science and Human Nutrition

Abstract

The wastewater treatment process generates large amounts of P-rich organic waste (sewage sludge (SS)). The direct application of SS in agriculture, being controversial, is gradually being replaced by incineration, leading to the concentration of both P and heavy metals in the solid residual-sewage sludge ash (SSA). The novel closed-loop, cradle-to-cradle (C2C) approach leads to maintaining P production at current levels and counteracts its depletion in the future. The aim of this review is the presentation of the implementation of the C2C approach for P recovery. The paper focuses on steps that comprise P C2C, starting from the SS properties, being a derivative of wastewater type and treatment processes, to SS pre-treatment and finally leading to certified P-fertilizers production from SSA by application thermochemical or wet chemical extraction technologies. Examples of SSA treatment technologies and the final products are provided. It has been summarized that future research should focus on the production of SSA-based fertilizers aligning with the C2C concept and determining its effect on the various agriculture and horticulture crops.

Comments

This article is published as Jama-Rodzeńska, Anna, Józef Sowiński, Jacek A. Koziel, and Andrzej Białowiec. "Phosphorus Recovery from Sewage Sludge Ash Based on Cradle-to-Cradle Approach—Mini-Review." Minerals 11, no. 9 (2021): 985. DOI: 10.3390/min11090985. Copyright 2021 by the authors. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Posted with permission.