Application of Polymer Kinetics and controlled Self-Assembly in multi-dimension Nanomaterial Synthesis
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Interest in nanomaterials has risen in the recent past, primarily due to the unique properties of materials at the nanoscale. There are two main approaches to nanomaterial synthesis, viz; top-down (fragmentation) and bottom-up (self-assembly driven). Coupled approaches, however, have potential to give unprecedented control over material synthesis. We employed a top-down approach to increasing etch rate, and bottom-up approach to synthesize nano-sized beams, sheets, and cubes. Onedimensional coordination polymers were grown at steady-state conditions — achieved through solubility-limited etching of liquid metal alloys. Stoichiometric control of substitution around the central metal atom leads to asymmetry in substitution patterns, which in turn influences the self-assembly of these 1D polymers. Therefore, three separate growth rates exist; K1 (polymerization), K2 (x-y plane assembly), K3 (x-z plane assembly). These growth rates can be engineered to affect the self-assembly process to construct various nanomaterials including cubes (K1≈K2≈K3), sheets (K1≈K2>>>K3), and beams (K1>>>K2>K3). All materials were characterized by scanning/tunneling electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and x-ray diffraction.