Interoperability Study of 3D Instruments Used in Firearms Identification
Date
2025-02-18
Authors
Nally, Melissa
Hofmann, Heike
Eudaley, Donna
Salyards, Jeffrey
Hsu, Jennifer
Rearden, Preshious
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Abstract
In forensic firearms identification, one of the newest emerging technologies is three-dimensional (3D) imaging. The 3D technology allows firearms examiners to virtually compare high-resolution 3D images of the surfaces of bullets and/or cartridge cases with out the effects of “variable lighting conditions and shadowing” present in traditional microscopy. As with all new technology, there are challenges associated with implementation and a need to better understand the performance capability and limitations of the system when used in forensic casework. One such challenge is the demonstrated ability to share images across 3D imaging systems manufactured by different vendors when sharing between forensic laboratories.
With the adoption of the X3P (XML 3D Surface Profile) file format defined by ISO 25178-72 and adopted by the firearms community, almost all 3D instruments currently on the market can create scans in the X3P format. In principle, scans obtained using different instruments should be compatible, but this has not been demonstrated. This study focuses on the intercomparability of images acquired by 3D instruments manufactured by vendors Cadre (TopMatch), Leeds (Evofinder), and LeadsOnline (Quantum).
With the adoption of the X3P (XML 3D Surface Profile) file format defined by ISO 25178-72 and adopted by the firearms community, almost all 3D instruments currently on the market can create scans in the X3P format. In principle, scans obtained using different instruments should be compatible, but this has not been demonstrated. This study focuses on the intercomparability of images acquired by 3D instruments manufactured by vendors Cadre (TopMatch), Leeds (Evofinder), and LeadsOnline (Quantum).
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Comments
This poster was presented at the 77th Annual Conference of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS), Baltimore, Maryland, February 17-22, 2025.