Pro-inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor from dogs with anterior uveitis and post-operative ocular hypertension following phacoemulsification, primary glaucoma, and normal healthy eyes
Date
2022-08-23
Authors
Terhaar, Hannah M.
Henriksen, Michala de Linde
Boeckling, Corey
Mehaffy, Carolina
Hess, Ann
Lappin, Michael R.
Major Professor
Advisor
Committee Member
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
PLOS ONE
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor (AH) from dogs with anterior uveitis and post-operative ocular hypertension (POH) following phacoemulsification, in AH from dogs with primary glaucoma, and in normal healthy eyes with no signs of anterior uveitis or other ocular diseases.
Methods: An exploratory study including 21 samples of AH collected from 15 dogs; post-phacoemulsification with anterior uveitis and POH (‘POH group’, n = 10 samples), primary glaucoma (‘glaucoma group’, n = 6 samples), and normal (‘normal group’, n = 5 samples). Target mass spectrometry via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM-MS) with the Canine Cytokine SpikeMix™ as internal standard was used to measure the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.
Results: The MRM-MS method measured 15 pro-inflammatory cytokines. Tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels in AH were different between all three groups (glaucoma>POH>normal) (p = .05, p = .02, respectively). Additionally, IL-6 was higher in the ‘POH group’ compared to the ‘glaucoma group’ (p = .04) and IL-4 was higher in the ‘POH group’ compared to the ‘normal group’ (p = .04). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was positively associated with increased AH levels of IL-18 (Spearman correlation = .64, p = .03).
Conclusions: MRM-MS using the Canine Cytokine SpikeMix™ as an internal standard was established as a method to detect pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in canine AH. The study demonstrated increased levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, and TNFα in AH from canines with POH following phacoemulsification. Primary glaucomatous eyes had the highest levels of IL-18 and TNFα which may indicate that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of primary glaucoma in dogs.
Series Number
Journal Issue
Is Version Of
Versions
Series
Academic or Administrative Unit
Type
article
Comments
This article is published as Terhaar, Hannah M., Michala de Linde Henriksen, Lisa K. Uhl, Corey Boeckling, Carolina Mehaffy, Ann Hess, and Michael R. Lappin. "Pro-inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor from dogs with anterior uveitis and post-operative ocular hypertension following phacoemulsification, primary glaucoma, and normal healthy eyes." Plos one 17, no. 8 (2022): e0273449. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273449.
Rights Statement
© 2022 Terhaar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.